搜索
在 RESTful API 中实现搜索功能，你需要先定义一个处理搜索参数的路由，然后在底层数据库中使用前缀或全文索引进行搜索，再返回搜索结果。
在 MySQL 中搜索
添加 keyword 参数到 BookManager.get_books，domain/gateway/book_manager.py:
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ class BookManager(ABC):
pass
@abstractmethod
- def get_books(self, offset: int) -> List[Book]:
+ def get_books(self, offset: int, keyword: str) -> List[Book]:
pass
添加搜索功能，infrastructure/database/mysql.py:
@@ -61,9 +61,15 @@ class MySQLPersistence(BookManager):
return None
return Book(**result)
- def get_books(self, offset: int) -> List[Book]:
- self.cursor.execute('''
- SELECT * FROM books LIMIT %s, %s
- ''', (offset, self.page_size))
+ def get_books(self, offset: int, keyword: str) -> List[Book]:
+ query = "SELECT * FROM books"
+ params: List[Any] = []
+ if keyword:
+ query += " WHERE title LIKE %s OR author LIKE %s"
+ params = [f"%{keyword}%", f"%{keyword}%"]
+ query += " LIMIT %s, %s"
+ params.extend([offset, self.page_size])
+
+ self.cursor.execute(query, tuple(params))
results: List[Any] = self.cursor.fetchall()
return [Book(**result) for result in results]
注意：
在生产数据库中不要使用
LIKE %keyword%。与其他搜索方法相比，这种方法效率较低，特别是在处理大型数据集时。LIKE %keyword%语法强制数据库执行全表扫描或索引扫描，这可能会很慢，特别是在大型表上。它不能有效地利用索引，导致查询性能较慢。
如果你的用例允许，考虑使用前缀搜索（例如，LIKE keyword%）。与子字符串搜索相比，这可以更有效地利用索引。
调整 application/executor/book_operator.py:
@@ -23,12 +23,16 @@ class BookOperator():
def get_book(self, id: int) -> Optional[Book]:
return self.book_manager.get_book(id)
- def get_books(self, offset: int) -> List[Book]:
+ def get_books(self, offset: int, query: str) -> List[Book]:
+ # Search results, don't cache it
+ if query:
+ return self.book_manager.get_books(offset, query)
+ # Normal results
k = f"{BOOKS_KEY}-{offset}"
v = self.cache_helper.load(k)
if v:
return json.loads(v)
- books = self.book_manager.get_books(offset)
+ books = self.book_manager.get_books(offset, "")
self.cache_helper.save(
k, json.dumps([_convert(b) for b in books]))
return books
传入 query 参数，adapter/router.py:
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ class RestHandler:
def get_books(self):
try:
- offset = request.args.get("o", type=int) or 0
- books = self.book_operator.get_books(offset)
+ offset = request.args.get("o", type=int, default=0)
+ query = request.args.get("q", type=str, default="")
+ books = self.book_operator.get_books(offset, query)
return jsonify(books), 200
except Exception as e:
self._logger.error(f"Failed to get books: {e}")
保存修改，重启 api 服务器。
使用 curl 搜索图书
搜索图书
curl -X GET "http://localhost:5000/books?q=and"
结果：
[
{
"author": "Jane Austen",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT",
"description": "A classic novel exploring the themes of love, reputation, and social class in Georgian England.",
"id": 7,
"isbn": "9780486284736",
"published_at": "1813-01-28",
"title": "Pride and Prejudice",
"total_pages": 279,
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Leo Tolstoy",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT",
"description": "A novel depicting the Napoleonic era in Russia, exploring themes of love, war, and historical determinism.",
"id": 13,
"isbn": "9781400079988",
"published_at": "1869-01-01",
"title": "War and Peace",
"total_pages": 1392,
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Lewis Carroll",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT",
"description": "A children\u2019s novel featuring a young girl named Alice who falls into a fantastical world populated by peculiar creatures.",
"id": 14,
"isbn": "9780141439761",
"published_at": "1865-11-26",
"title": "Alice\u2019s Adventures in Wonderland",
"total_pages": 192,
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT"
}
]
搜索图书并带一个偏移
curl -X GET "http://localhost:5000/books?q=the&o=4"
结果：
[
{
"author": "Mark Twain",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT",
"description": "A novel depicting the journey of a young boy and an escaped slave along the Mississippi River.",
"id": 12,
"isbn": "9780486280615",
"published_at": "1884-12-10",
"title": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
"total_pages": 366,
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Homer",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT",
"description": "An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, detailing the journey of Odysseus after the Trojan War.",
"id": 15,
"isbn": "9780140268867",
"published_at": "8th Century BC",
"title": "The Odyssey",
"total_pages": 541,
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 05:48:25 GMT"
}
]
在 mongoDB 中搜索
添加 keyword 参数到 ReviewManager.get_reviews_of_book，domain/gateway/review_manager.py:
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ class ReviewManager(ABC):
pass
@abstractmethod
- def get_reviews_of_book(self, book_id: int) -> List[Review]:
+ def get_reviews_of_book(self, book_id: int, keyword: str) -> List[Review]:
pass
添加搜索功能，infrastructure/database/mongo.py:
@@ -33,8 +33,14 @@ class MongoPersistence(ReviewManager):
return None
return Review(**_polish(review_data))
- def get_reviews_of_book(self, book_id: int) -> List[Review]:
- reviews_data = self.coll.find({"book_id": book_id})
+ def get_reviews_of_book(self, book_id: int, keyword: str) -> List[Review]:
+ filter: Dict[str, Any] = {"book_id": book_id}
+ if keyword:
+ filter["$or"] = [
+ {"title": {"$regex": keyword, "$options": "i"}},
+ {"content": {"$regex": keyword, "$options": "i"}}
+ ]
+ reviews_data = self.coll.find(filter)
return [Review(**_polish(r)) for r in reviews_data]
注意：
正则表达式查询无法充分利用索引。虽然某些操作可能仍然从索引中受益，但与精确匹配或前缀搜索相比，使用正则表达式可能效率较低。
如果你的集合包含大量文档，并且被搜索的字段没有建立索引，可能会导致查询性能较慢。
微调 application/executor/review_operator.py:
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ class ReviewOperator():
def get_review(self, id: str) -> Optional[Review]:
return self.review_manager.get_review(id)
- def get_reviews_of_book(self, review_id: int) -> List[Review]:
- return self.review_manager.get_reviews_of_book(review_id)
+ def get_reviews_of_book(self, book_id: int, query: str) -> List[Review]:
+ return self.review_manager.get_reviews_of_book(book_id, query)
def update_review(self, id: str, r: Review) -> Review:
r.updated_at = datetime.now()
传入 query 参数，adapter/router.py:
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ class RestHandler:
def get_reviews_of_book(self, book_id: int):
try:
- reviews = self.review_operator.get_reviews_of_book(book_id)
+ query = request.args.get("q", type=str, default="")
+ reviews = self.review_operator.get_reviews_of_book(book_id, query)
return jsonify(reviews), 200
except Exception as e:
self._logger.error(f"Failed to get reviews of book: {e}")
利用 mongoDB 实现搜索功能所需的更改已经全部加入。让我们测试一波。
使用 curl 尝试搜索书评
先加入一些书评数据：
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Alice Johnson", "title": "A Timeless Classic", "content": "The Great Gatsby is a timeless classic that delves deep into the complexities of the human psyche and the pursuit of the American Dream."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Michael Adams", "title": "Brilliantly Written", "content": "Fitzgerald’s prose in The Great Gatsby is simply brilliant. Each sentence is crafted with care, drawing the reader into a world of opulence and tragedy."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Emily Parker", "title": "Mesmerizing", "content": "I was completely mesmerized by The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald’s ability to create such vivid characters and evoke a sense of longing is unmatched."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Daniel White", "title": "Enthralling Plot", "content": "The plot of The Great Gatsby is enthralling from start to finish. It’s a story of love, loss, and the emptiness of the American Dream."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Sophia Lee", "title": "A Literary Gem", "content": "The Great Gatsby is a literary gem that shines with its insightful commentary on society and human nature. A must-read for all."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Ethan Miller", "title": "Timeless Masterpiece", "content": "The Great Gatsby remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers across generations. Fitzgerald’s prose is as relevant today as it was in the 1920s."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Olivia Wilson", "title": "Immersive Experience", "content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is an immersive experience like no other. Fitzgerald’s vivid descriptions transport you to the roaring twenties, making you feel like you’re part of the story."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Jacob Thompson", "title": "Intriguing Characters", "content": "What sets The Great Gatsby apart are its intriguing characters. Each one is flawed yet fascinating, contributing to the richness of the narrative."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Ava Martinez", "title": "Gripping Narrative", "content": "The Great Gatsby grips you from the first page and doesn’t let go until the very end. It’s a story that lingers in your mind long after you’ve finished reading."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Noah Taylor", "title": "Profound Themes", "content": "Beneath its glitzy surface, The Great Gatsby explores profound themes of love, betrayal, and the corrupting influence of wealth. A true masterpiece."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Isabella Hernandez", "title": "Hauntingly Beautiful", "content": "The Great Gatsby is hauntingly beautiful, painting a picture of an era filled with glamour and excess, yet tinged with sadness and longing."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Lucas Moore", "title": "Compelling Narrative", "content": "Fitzgerald weaves a compelling narrative in The Great Gatsby, drawing readers into the world of Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan with finesse and skill."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Mia Clark", "title": "Unforgettable Characters", "content": "The characters in The Great Gatsby are unforgettable, each with their own desires and flaws that drive the story forward with intensity and emotion."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Elijah Garcia", "title": "Eloquent Prose", "content": "Fitzgerald’s eloquent prose in The Great Gatsby elevates the novel to literary greatness. It’s a book that demands to be savored and appreciated."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Charlotte King", "title": "Riveting Plot", "content": "The plot of The Great Gatsby is riveting, filled with twists and turns that keep you on the edge of your seat until the very end. An absolute page-turner."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "William Brown", "title": "Emotionally Resonant", "content": "The Great Gatsby is emotionally resonant, exploring themes of love and longing in a way that stays with you long after you’ve turned the final page."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Chloe Rodriguez", "title": "Sensory Delight", "content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is a sensory delight, with Fitzgerald’s vivid descriptions bringing the sights, sounds, and smells of the 1920s to life."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "James Lee", "title": "Thought-Provoking", "content": "The Great Gatsby is thought-provoking, challenging readers to reflect on the nature of wealth, ambition, and the pursuit of happiness."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Emma Taylor", "title": "Rich Symbolism", "content": "The Great Gatsby is rich in symbolism, with every detail serving a purpose in conveying deeper themes and messages about society and human nature."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 4, "author": "Ryan Martinez", "title": "A Literary Masterpiece", "content": "The Great Gatsby is undeniably a literary masterpiece, with its lyrical prose and timeless themes making it a must-read for all lovers of literature."}' http://localhost:5000/reviews
根据 title 和 content 搜索书评，关键字：masterpiece
curl -X GET "http://localhost:5000/books/4/reviews?q=masterpiece"
结果：
[
{
"author": "Ethan Miller",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "The Great Gatsby remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers across generations. Fitzgerald\u2019s prose is as relevant today as it was in the 1920s.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f04",
"title": "Timeless Masterpiece",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Noah Taylor",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "Beneath its glitzy surface, The Great Gatsby explores profound themes of love, betrayal, and the corrupting influence of wealth. A true masterpiece.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f08",
"title": "Profound Themes",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Ryan Martinez",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "The Great Gatsby is undeniably a literary masterpiece, with its lyrical prose and timeless themes making it a must-read for all lovers of literature.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f12",
"title": "A Literary Masterpiece",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
}
]
根据 title 和 content 搜索书评，关键字：Fitzgerald
curl -X GET "http://localhost:5000/books/4/reviews?q=Fitzgerald"
结果：
[
{
"author": "Michael Adams",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "Fitzgerald\u2019s prose in The Great Gatsby is simply brilliant. Each sentence is crafted with care, drawing the reader into a world of opulence and tragedy.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f00",
"title": "Brilliantly Written",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Emily Parker",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "I was completely mesmerized by The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald\u2019s ability to create such vivid characters and evoke a sense of longing is unmatched.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f01",
"title": "Mesmerizing",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Ethan Miller",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "The Great Gatsby remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers across generations. Fitzgerald\u2019s prose is as relevant today as it was in the 1920s.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f04",
"title": "Timeless Masterpiece",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Olivia Wilson",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is an immersive experience like no other. Fitzgerald\u2019s vivid descriptions transport you to the roaring twenties, making you feel like you\u2019re part of the story.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f05",
"title": "Immersive Experience",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Lucas Moore",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "Fitzgerald weaves a compelling narrative in The Great Gatsby, drawing readers into the world of Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan with finesse and skill.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f0a",
"title": "Compelling Narrative",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Elijah Garcia",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "Fitzgerald\u2019s eloquent prose in The Great Gatsby elevates the novel to literary greatness. It\u2019s a book that demands to be savored and appreciated.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f0c",
"title": "Eloquent Prose",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
},
{
"author": "Chloe Rodriguez",
"book_id": 4,
"content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is a sensory delight, with Fitzgerald\u2019s vivid descriptions bringing the sights, sounds, and smells of the 1920s to life.",
"created_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT",
"id": "65e2d01909ef3f4e2f726f0f",
"title": "Sensory Delight",
"updated_at": "Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:07:05 GMT"
}
]
不错！基于 MySQL 和 mongoDB 的搜索功能已完成！
高级全文搜索
如果你想要拥有高级全文搜索支持，请尝试 Elasticsearch 或 Solr。 这些解决方案针对文本搜索操作进行了优化，并提供诸如索引、相关性评分和语言特定的词干处理等功能。
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> 此处输出代码运行结果