搜索
在 RESTful API 中实现搜索功能，你需要先定义一个处理搜索参数的路由，然后在底层数据库中使用前缀或全文索引进行搜索，再返回搜索结果。
在 MySQL 中搜索
添加 keyword 参数到 BookManager.get_books，domain/gateway/book_manager.rs:
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ pub trait BookManager: Send + Sync {
fn update_book(&self, id: u32, b: &model::Book) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>;
fn delete_book(&self, id: u32) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>;
fn get_book(&self, id: u32) -> Result<Option<model::Book>, Box<dyn Error>>;
- fn get_books(&self, offset: u32) -> Result<Vec<model::Book>, Box<dyn Error>>;
+ fn get_books(&self, offset: u32, keyword: &str) -> Result<Vec<model::Book>, Box<dyn Error>>;
}
添加搜索功能，infrastructure/database/mysql.rs:
@@ -94,10 +94,20 @@ impl BookManager for MySQLPersistence {
Ok(books.first().cloned())
}
- fn get_books(&self, offset: u32) -> Result<Vec<model::Book>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+ fn get_books(&self, offset: u32, keyword: &str) -> Result<Vec<model::Book>, Box<dyn Error>> {
let mut conn = self.pool.get_conn()?;
+ let mut query = format!("SELECT * FROM books LIMIT {}, {}", offset, self.page_size);
+ if !keyword.is_empty() {
+ // Warning: don't do SQL concatenation in production code. It leads to SQL Injection Vulnerabilities.
+ // Here is for tutorial brevity.
+ let term = format!("%{}%", keyword.replace("'", ""));
+ query = format!(
+ "SELECT * FROM books WHERE title LIKE '{}' OR author LIKE '{}' LIMIT {}, {}",
+ term, term, offset, self.page_size
+ );
+ }
let books = conn.query_map(
- format!("SELECT * FROM books LIMIT {}, {}", offset, self.page_size),
+ query,
|(
id,
title,
注意：
在生产数据库中不要使用
LIKE %keyword%。与其他搜索方法相比，这种方法效率较低，特别是在处理大型数据集时。LIKE %keyword%语法强制数据库执行全表扫描或索引扫描，这可能会很慢，特别是在大型表上。它不能有效地利用索引，导致查询性能较慢。
如果你的用例允许，考虑使用前缀搜索（例如，LIKE keyword%）。与子字符串搜索相比，这可以更有效地利用索引。
调整 application/executor/book_operator.rs:
@@ -30,14 +30,23 @@ impl BookOperator {
self.book_manager.get_book(id)
}
- pub fn get_books(&self, offset: u32) -> Result<Vec<model::Book>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+ pub fn get_books(
+ &self,
+ offset: u32,
+ query: &str,
+ ) -> Result<Vec<model::Book>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+ // Search results, don't cache it
+ if !query.is_empty() {
+ return self.book_manager.get_books(offset, query);
+ }
+ // Normal list of results
let k = format!("{}-{}", BOOKS_KEY, offset);
let raw_value = self.cache_helper.load(&k)?;
if let Some(v) = raw_value {
let cached_books = serde_json::from_str(&v)?;
Ok(cached_books)
} else {
- let fetched_books = self.book_manager.get_books(offset)?;
+ let fetched_books = self.book_manager.get_books(offset, "")?;
let v = serde_json::to_string(&fetched_books)?;
self.cache_helper.save(&k, &v)?;
Ok(fetched_books)
传入 query 参数，adapter/router.rs:
@@ -24,12 +24,16 @@ pub fn health_check() -> content::RawJson<&'static str> {
content::RawJson("{\"status\":\"ok\"}")
}
-#[get("/books?<o>")]
+#[get("/books?<o>&<q>")]
pub fn get_books(
rest_handler: &rocket::State<RestHandler>,
o: Option<u32>,
+ q: Option<&str>,
) -> Result<Json<Vec<model::Book>>, status::Custom<Json<ErrorResponse>>> {
- match rest_handler.book_operator.get_books(o.unwrap_or(0)) {
+ match rest_handler
+ .book_operator
+ .get_books(o.unwrap_or(0), q.unwrap_or(""))
+ {
Ok(books) => Ok(Json(books)),
Err(err) => Err(status::Custom(
Status::InternalServerError,
保存修改，重启 api 服务器。
使用 curl 搜索图书
搜索图书
curl -X GET "http://localhost:8000/books?q=and"
Result:
[
{
"id": 7,
"title": "Pride and Prejudice",
"author": "Jane Austen",
"published_at": "1813-01-28",
"description": "A classic novel exploring the themes of love, reputation, and social class in Georgian England.",
"isbn": "9780486284736",
"total_pages": 279,
"created_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25",
"updated_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25"
},
{
"id": 13,
"title": "War and Peace",
"author": "Leo Tolstoy",
"published_at": "1869-01-01",
"description": "A novel depicting the Napoleonic era in Russia, exploring themes of love, war, and historical determinism.",
"isbn": "9781400079988",
"total_pages": 1392,
"created_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25",
"updated_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25"
},
{
"id": 14,
"title": "Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland",
"author": "Lewis Carroll",
"published_at": "1865-11-26",
"description": "A children’s novel featuring a young girl named Alice who falls into a fantastical world populated by peculiar creatures.",
"isbn": "9780141439761",
"total_pages": 192,
"created_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25",
"updated_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25"
}
]
搜索图书并带一个偏移
curl -X GET "http://localhost:8000/books?q=the&o=4"
Result:
[
{
"id": 12,
"title": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
"author": "Mark Twain",
"published_at": "1884-12-10",
"description": "A novel depicting the journey of a young boy and an escaped slave along the Mississippi River.",
"isbn": "9780486280615",
"total_pages": 366,
"created_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25",
"updated_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25"
},
{
"id": 15,
"title": "The Odyssey",
"author": "Homer",
"published_at": "8th Century BC",
"description": "An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, detailing the journey of Odysseus after the Trojan War.",
"isbn": "9780140268867",
"total_pages": 541,
"created_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25",
"updated_at": "2024-03-02 05:48:25"
}
]
在 mongoDB 中搜索
添加 keyword 参数到 ReviewManager.get_reviews_of_book，domain/gateway/review_manager.rs:
@@ -7,5 +7,9 @@ pub trait ReviewManager: Send + Sync {
fn update_review(&self, id: &str, b: &model::Review) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>;
fn delete_review(&self, id: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>;
fn get_review(&self, id: &str) -> Result<Option<model::Review>, Box<dyn Error>>;
- fn get_reviews_of_book(&self, book_id: u32) -> Result<Vec<model::Review>, Box<dyn Error>>;
+ fn get_reviews_of_book(
+ &self,
+ book_id: u32,
+ keyword: &str,
+ ) -> Result<Vec<model::Review>, Box<dyn Error>>;
}
添加搜索功能，infrastructure/database/mongo.rs:
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
use std::error::Error;
use mongodb::{
- bson::{doc, oid::ObjectId, DateTime},
+ bson::{doc, oid::ObjectId, DateTime, Regex},
error::Error as MongoError,
sync::{Client, Collection},
};
@@ -68,8 +68,25 @@ impl ReviewManager for MongoPersistence {
}
}
- fn get_reviews_of_book(&self, book_id: u32) -> Result<Vec<Review>, Box<dyn Error>> {
- let filter = doc! { "book_id": book_id };
+ fn get_reviews_of_book(
+ &self,
+ book_id: u32,
+ keyword: &str,
+ ) -> Result<Vec<Review>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+ let mut filter = doc! { "book_id": book_id };
+ if !keyword.is_empty() {
+ filter = doc! {
+ "$and": [
+ {
+ "$or": [
+ {"title": Regex{pattern: keyword.to_string(), options: String::from("i")}},
+ {"content": Regex{pattern: keyword.to_string(), options: String::from("i")}},
+ ]
+ },
+ {"book_id": book_id}
+ ]
+ }
+ }
let cursor = self.coll.find(filter, None)?;
let mut reviews = Vec::new();
for result in cursor {
注意：
正则表达式查询无法充分利用索引。虽然某些操作可能仍然从索引中受益，但与精确匹配或前缀搜索相比，使用正则表达式可能效率较低。
如果你的集合包含大量文档，并且被搜索的字段没有建立索引，可能会导致查询性能较慢。
微调 application/executor/review_operator.rs:
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ impl ReviewOperator {
pub fn get_reviews_of_book(
&self,
book_id: u32,
+ query: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<model::Review>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
- self.review_manager.get_reviews_of_book(book_id)
+ self.review_manager.get_reviews_of_book(book_id, query)
}
pub fn update_review(
传入 query 参数，adapter/router.rs:
@@ -120,12 +120,16 @@ pub fn delete_book(
}
}
-#[get("/books/<id>/reviews")]
+#[get("/books/<id>/reviews?<q>")]
pub fn get_reviews_of_book(
rest_handler: &rocket::State<RestHandler>,
id: u32,
+ q: Option<&str>,
) -> Result<Json<Vec<model::Review>>, status::Custom<Json<ErrorResponse>>> {
- match rest_handler.review_operator.get_reviews_of_book(id) {
+ match rest_handler
+ .review_operator
+ .get_reviews_of_book(id, q.unwrap_or(""))
+ {
Ok(reviews) => Ok(Json(reviews)),
Err(err) => Err(status::Custom(
Status::InternalServerError,
利用 mongoDB 实现搜索功能所需的更改已经全部加入。让我们测试一波。
使用 curl 尝试搜索书评
先加入一些假书评数据：
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Alice Johnson", "title": "A Timeless Classic", "content": "The Great Gatsby is a timeless classic that delves deep into the complexities of the human psyche and the pursuit of the American Dream."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Michael Adams", "title": "Brilliantly Written", "content": "Fitzgerald’s prose in The Great Gatsby is simply brilliant. Each sentence is crafted with care, drawing the reader into a world of opulence and tragedy."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Emily Parker", "title": "Mesmerizing", "content": "I was completely mesmerized by The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald’s ability to create such vivid characters and evoke a sense of longing is unmatched."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Daniel White", "title": "Enthralling Plot", "content": "The plot of The Great Gatsby is enthralling from start to finish. It’s a story of love, loss, and the emptiness of the American Dream."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Sophia Lee", "title": "A Literary Gem", "content": "The Great Gatsby is a literary gem that shines with its insightful commentary on society and human nature. A must-read for all."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Ethan Miller", "title": "Timeless Masterpiece", "content": "The Great Gatsby remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers across generations. Fitzgerald’s prose is as relevant today as it was in the 1920s."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Olivia Wilson", "title": "Immersive Experience", "content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is an immersive experience like no other. Fitzgerald’s vivid descriptions transport you to the roaring twenties, making you feel like you’re part of the story."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Jacob Thompson", "title": "Intriguing Characters", "content": "What sets The Great Gatsby apart are its intriguing characters. Each one is flawed yet fascinating, contributing to the richness of the narrative."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Ava Martinez", "title": "Gripping Narrative", "content": "The Great Gatsby grips you from the first page and doesn’t let go until the very end. It’s a story that lingers in your mind long after you’ve finished reading."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Noah Taylor", "title": "Profound Themes", "content": "Beneath its glitzy surface, The Great Gatsby explores profound themes of love, betrayal, and the corrupting influence of wealth. A true masterpiece."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Isabella Hernandez", "title": "Hauntingly Beautiful", "content": "The Great Gatsby is hauntingly beautiful, painting a picture of an era filled with glamour and excess, yet tinged with sadness and longing."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Lucas Moore", "title": "Compelling Narrative", "content": "Fitzgerald weaves a compelling narrative in The Great Gatsby, drawing readers into the world of Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan with finesse and skill."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Mia Clark", "title": "Unforgettable Characters", "content": "The characters in The Great Gatsby are unforgettable, each with their own desires and flaws that drive the story forward with intensity and emotion."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Elijah Garcia", "title": "Eloquent Prose", "content": "Fitzgerald’s eloquent prose in The Great Gatsby elevates the novel to literary greatness. It’s a book that demands to be savored and appreciated."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Charlotte King", "title": "Riveting Plot", "content": "The plot of The Great Gatsby is riveting, filled with twists and turns that keep you on the edge of your seat until the very end. An absolute page-turner."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "William Brown", "title": "Emotionally Resonant", "content": "The Great Gatsby is emotionally resonant, exploring themes of love and longing in a way that stays with you long after you’ve turned the final page."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Chloe Rodriguez", "title": "Sensory Delight", "content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is a sensory delight, with Fitzgerald’s vivid descriptions bringing the sights, sounds, and smells of the 1920s to life."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "James Lee", "title": "Thought-Provoking", "content": "The Great Gatsby is thought-provoking, challenging readers to reflect on the nature of wealth, ambition, and the pursuit of happiness."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Emma Taylor", "title": "Rich Symbolism", "content": "The Great Gatsby is rich in symbolism, with every detail serving a purpose in conveying deeper themes and messages about society and human nature."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"book_id": 8, "author": "Ryan Martinez", "title": "A Literary Masterpiece", "content": "The Great Gatsby is undeniably a literary masterpiece, with its lyrical prose and timeless themes making it a must-read for all lovers of literature."}' http://localhost:8000/reviews
根据 title 和 content 搜索书评，关键字：masterpiece
curl -X GET "http://localhost:8000/books/8/reviews?q=masterpiece"
结果：
[
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Ethan Miller",
"title": "Timeless Masterpiece",
"content": "The Great Gatsby remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers across generations. Fitzgerald’s prose is as relevant today as it was in the 1920s.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.665957Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.665957Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Noah Taylor",
"title": "Profound Themes",
"content": "Beneath its glitzy surface, The Great Gatsby explores profound themes of love, betrayal, and the corrupting influence of wealth. A true masterpiece.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.733401Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.733401Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Ryan Martinez",
"title": "A Literary Masterpiece",
"content": "The Great Gatsby is undeniably a literary masterpiece, with its lyrical prose and timeless themes making it a must-read for all lovers of literature.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.902011Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.902011Z"
}
]
根据 title 和 content 搜索书评，关键字：Fitzgerald
curl -X GET "http://localhost:8000/books/8/reviews?q=Fitzgerald"
结果：
[
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Michael Adams",
"title": "Brilliantly Written",
"content": "Fitzgerald’s prose in The Great Gatsby is simply brilliant. Each sentence is crafted with care, drawing the reader into a world of opulence and tragedy.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.593688Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.593688Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Emily Parker",
"title": "Mesmerizing",
"content": "I was completely mesmerized by The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald’s ability to create such vivid characters and evoke a sense of longing is unmatched.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.615830Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.615830Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Ethan Miller",
"title": "Timeless Masterpiece",
"content": "The Great Gatsby remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers across generations. Fitzgerald’s prose is as relevant today as it was in the 1920s.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.665957Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.665957Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Olivia Wilson",
"title": "Immersive Experience",
"content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is an immersive experience like no other. Fitzgerald’s vivid descriptions transport you to the roaring twenties, making you feel like you’re part of the story.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.682927Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.682927Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Lucas Moore",
"title": "Compelling Narrative",
"content": "Fitzgerald weaves a compelling narrative in The Great Gatsby, drawing readers into the world of Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan with finesse and skill.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.766302Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.766302Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Elijah Garcia",
"title": "Eloquent Prose",
"content": "Fitzgerald’s eloquent prose in The Great Gatsby elevates the novel to literary greatness. It’s a book that demands to be savored and appreciated.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.801144Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.801144Z"
},
{
"id": "",
"book_id": 8,
"author": "Chloe Rodriguez",
"title": "Sensory Delight",
"content": "Reading The Great Gatsby is a sensory delight, with Fitzgerald’s vivid descriptions bringing the sights, sounds, and smells of the 1920s to life.",
"created_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.852290Z",
"updated_at": "2024-03-19T10:52:22.852290Z"
}
]
不错！基于 MySQL 和 mongoDB 的搜索功能已完成！
高级全文搜索
如果你想要拥有高级全文搜索支持，请尝试 Elasticsearch 或 Solr。 这些解决方案针对文本搜索操作进行了优化，并提供诸如索引、相关性评分和语言特定的词干处理等功能。
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> 此处输出代码运行结果